MODELING WITH ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS.
Born, the baby already knows how to breathe and swallow, sleep and wake up. Where in his brain contains the knowledge, what a wonderful mechanism to record, retrieve and use? The child grows, begins to recognize familiar, his brain every day to improve its ability to find differences between objects in the outside world. How the brain child is copes with this problem and what happens in the brain in learning? There are several hypotheses that in the future, apparently, will answer these questions. Their appearance is largely due to the development of high-speed computing machines (computers). Thanks to computers, a new research field, the creation of mathematical models of processes occurring in the brain.
Study of the brain is developing in two directions. On the one hand, the study and modeling of complex brain functions, such as training, recognition, creativity, who is studying psychology. On the other hand, the study and modeling functions of the elements that makes up the brain: neurons and their connections and interneuronal elements. By studying the elements of the brain, psychologists try to answer the question of how behavior can have one or another of its structure, consisting of those elements. To bridge the gap between physiology and psychology and is a means to understand brain function.
Mathematical descriptions of complexity in studies of the brain and the volume of calculations associated with their decision, such that the computation for "manual" way is not enough of a lifetime researcher. At the same time, modern computers, making tens of thousands of transactions per second, these calculations take several minutes.
Models of brain function, although sketchy, are very useful. They make it possible to build hypotheses, suggest new experiments can reveal the essence of the phenomenon. Let us explain this with an example model of learning. Clear to everyone, which means learning? Studying the system (person, animal or machine) is better adapted to the surrounding environment. The language of modern psychology about learning process ¬ can be described as: The system receives information on some of its law generalizes and classifies and responds to new information obtained in accordance with the accepted classification. Let us explain these abstract concepts are well-known examples. The child is shown the letter "A" and said that this letter corresponds to the sound of "a". He later learns that the letter "A" can be uppercase, lowercase, print different fonts, all of which corresponds to the sound of "a". Having learned, the child will learn letter in any situation. This is an example of teach a "teacher", i.e., a child someone suggested how to categorize the information. However, opportunities for learning and unsupervised, for example, a child is burned kettle, from which comes steam, as is a later form of the pair will urge him to be careful. This version of learning by "trial and error." The role of "teacher" here is a sense of relief of pain, which is inherent in the organism genetically. Here is the process of learning in terms of psychology.